Attention Restoration Theory (ART) suggests that exposure to natural environments can help rejuvenate the mind from mental fatigue, especially the type of attention we use in our daily tasks termed "directed attention". Natural settings, with their inherent soft fascinations—like rustling leaves or flowing water—allow individuals to reflect and recover without straining their attention. This restorative process assists in replenishing cognitive resources that get depleted from modern demands.

In the context of interior architecture, ART's principles guide the creation of spaces that facilitate mental recovery. By incorporating natural elements or even designs that mimic nature, interior spaces can aid in redirecting and refreshing an individual's attention. Features such as water elements, views of greenery, or even nature-inspired patterns and textures can be integrated into the built environment. Natural light is another key component, promoting not just cognitive rejuvenation but also improved mood and well-being.

Implementing ART principles in interior design results in environments that not only aesthetically appeal but also offer cognitive benefits. Such spaces help occupants break from mentally taxing tasks, providing a subtle yet effective avenue for mental restoration amidst busy urban lives.

Stress Reduction Theory (SRT) posits that natural environments have an inherent ability to promote psychological well-being and reduce stress. Rooted in evolutionary biology, the theory suggests that because humans evolved in natural settings, exposure to these environments can evoke feelings of relaxation and restoration. The key components of this theory emphasize the positive psychological effects—such as reduced anger, anxiety, and mental fatigue—that natural settings can offer.

In terms of interior architecture, SRT has significant implications. Recognizing the therapeutic value of nature, designers and architects incorporate biophilic design elements to mimic or bring actual natural features indoors. This can include the use of natural materials like stone or wood, the integration of plant life in the form of green walls or potted plants, or the creation of spaces that allow ample sunlight or provide views of natural landscapes. Such designs aim to recreate the calming and rejuvenating  qualities of nature within built environments.

By applying the principles of SRT in interior architecture, spaces can foster well-being, improve cognitive function, and reduce stress for their inhabitants. In a world that's increasingly urban and detached from nature, incorporating these elements becomes crucial for human health and psychological well-being.

A growing body of research supports the benefits of biophilic interiors, from both a practical and psychological perspective. Being close to the elements that evoke the natural world, such as sunlight, greenery, fresh air, and water, has a positive impact on all animal's well-being, humans included.

People thrive in biophilic environments with visible connections to nature’s colors, movement, scents, sounds, and textures. Research finds that office spaces with large windows, indoor plants, and thoughtfully-placed natural analogs make workers and occupants feel calm and better able to focus. In contrast, work-spaces characterized by noise, marginal natural light, and zero greenery are associated with higher rates of absenteeism.

Even before COVID turned work-life balance upside down, American businesses were spending over $30 billion annually managing health issues and absenteeism from job-related stress. By rethinking workspace design in the context of biophilia, there is an opportunity to improve employee productivity, creativity, and emotional well-being. This is a win-win scenario for both the company and staff.

The presence of natural elements in the workspace has a demonstrable impact on the physical and mental well-being of its occupants. Research across various industries reveals the advantages of bringing the outside world into office design:

• Increased concentration levels

• Improved creativity and engagement

• Reduced stress levels

• Mood improvement

• Higher rates of productivity

• Greater sense of well-being

• Reduced fatigue

Science– along with copious anecdotal evidence– shows that a stimulating home or workplace that facilitates a tangible connection with nature boosts dopamine, decreases cortisol, effectively resulting in attention restoration and stress reduction.